A domino is a small rectangular block of wood or sometimes plastic, each side marked by dots resembling those on dice. It is used to play games in which the aim is to line up a series of pieces in careful sequence, so that each one falls with the slightest touch of another. Dominoes can be constructed on a table or on the floor, and can involve complex constructions in which multiple people are involved. Dominoes are also the foundation for a number of games in which players try to match pairs or groups of pieces of equal value.
The word comes from Latin dominus, meaning “lord” or “master.” A domino can refer to any sort of arrangement or system involving a chain reaction, especially an event that affects others in a logical way. It can also refer to a building, person, or idea that has great influence or power. For example, an idiom, widely known in the United States, is to say that a situation has a domino effect when a small change in one part causes other related changes.
Dominoes have been in use since the 1300s and, along with playing cards, are among the oldest tools for game play. The markings on each domino, known as pips, originally represented the results of throwing two six-sided dice. The European domino set we recognize today contains 32 pieces, each representing a combination of six pips and two blank faces (0-0).
While most of us have likely played a simple game of domino at one time or another, few of us know the many different types of games that can be played with them. In addition to positional games, where players place a piece edge to edge against another to form some kind of total, there are a variety of blocking and scoring games.
To begin a game, a player places a domino tile on the edge of a square area called the boneyard. The rest of the pieces are stacked face down, and each player draws seven tiles from the boneyard. The player then lays down pieces that have values matching those of the dominoes already on the table.
The more pieces that are laid down, the bigger the domino effect. This is why large, complicated domino structures are often featured in domino shows where builders compete for the most impressive reactions or domino effects before a live audience.
The most common game for two players with a double-six domino set involves trying to find and then placing a domino with a value that matches that of a domino on either end of the line already formed. A player wins by being the first to play all of their dominoes or by having a greater total score than the other player. Larger sets are available, with double-nine, double-12, and double-18 being the most common. A few other, very rare, extended sets exist as well.